
INDIAN LAND
By
Thor Helgeson
1842-1928
Iola,
Wisconsin
Organization
of Townships,
Lists
of Early Settlers
Written
1915
Translated
by Lester Peterson in 1978
Rosholt,
Wisconsin
Born
07/06/1899
Scandinavia,
Wisconsin
Permission was granted by William Helgeson
on behalf of the Helgeson family
INDIAN LAND
While
settlers were told not to go on Indian Land until the Treaty was made,
some went regardless. And, -- they flocked
in before the government could get it surveyed.
The
following notice went out from the U.S. Land Office in Mineral Point on
December 27, 1951, which was published in the Oshkosh Democrat on January 30,
1852: ---
Settlers
upon the public lands, after the extinguishment of the Indian title, - and
before the surveys, are entitled to the right of pre-emption by virtue of their
settlements. After the survey, three
months time is allowed to file their declaratory statements; the time of
settlements and the proper description of the lands must be mentioned, and
pre-empters complying in all these particulars will be entitled to pre-emption
in accordance with the requirements of the Pre-emption Act of 1841.
(Signed) G. H. SLAUGHTER, Register.
RAFTING LUMBER
The
first saw mill on the Wisconsin River was built in 1835, or possibly in
1838. It was built by George Whiting at
Point Bass, a short distance below present Wisconsin Rapids. Ten years later a large number were
operating north of here all the way to Wausau, when the War Department sold
public land from Mineral Point on a stretch three miles wide from Point Bass to
Big Bull Falls in Wausau.
In
the first fifty years perhaps a half billion dollars were added to the U.S.
economy from lumber taken from this location which was used in the Civil War
and early settlers west of the Mississippi River. And a billion in those days was a heap of gold. Any many lives were lost even in those days
by accidents in logging camps, at sawmills, and in the hazardous task of
rafting lumber down to the Mississippi River.
Lumber
Cribs. A crib of lumber was usually
16 by 12 feet in size, or 16 by 16 feet, piled criss-cross in 12 to 20 layers,
each crib containing 3,000 to 4,000 feet of green lumber. Holes were bored usually every five feet in
planks where “grub-stakes” were inserted.
They were usually cut out of small Oak trees 4 or 5 feet long with a
knot at the bottom, shaved down to a certain size, with a saw cut at the top
provided for wedging. The first rafts
went down the Wisconsin River in 1841.
But rafting even continued after railroads came to the Wisconsin River
valley as water transportation was cheaper than by rail.
Six
lumber cribs made a “Rapids Piece.”
Each Rapids Piece needed a long oar for guiding through sluices and
rapids by the river pilots. Short
chains were used for couplings. Three
or five Rapids Pieces made a “Fleet.”
It took 25 to 30 men to guide a fleet to Kilbourn as several were needed
on each crib when it passed over a stretch of rapids. The most hazardous places were at Big Bull Falls, Little Bull
(Mosinee), the Stevens Point Dam, Conant Rapids, two Clinton dams, Whiting
Rapids, Point Bass near Nekoosa, plus the narrows at Kilbourn. The rapids at Little Bull Falls were only
thirty feet wide but a half mile in length.
In fairly fast water, a raft could make Stevens Point in a day.
In
Stevens Point a “sluice” was built thirty feet wide in the center of the dam
with piers below the slide anchored with stone. Each Rapids Piece had an elevated safety rope called, “The Sucker
Line” for the men to hold on to as they go through sluices or over rapids. When the cribs are submerged, the men can
grab hold of the rope and “Possibly” get just their feet wet -- if they are
lucky. At Grand Rapids, fast water in
the mile-long stretch requires only four minutes for a crib to negotiate the
run. At this speed rafts sometimes hit
a rock and were smashed into splinters, and lumber, lath, and shingles went in
many directions. A man would be lucky
to grab a plank to hold until he could hope to reach shore. Some didn’t.
Below
this place they would couple rafts together and tie up to trees for the night
on their way to the Dells.
Wind
was a hazard to rafters and often tied them up rather than to be blown on a
sandbar, or pushed into a slough.
Shifting sandbars were bad, but Sloughs were the nemesis of rafters as
high water was the only solution for swampland and mud.
From
Grand Rapids to Kilbourn was a broad stretch without rapids. For several days they could think about “The
Devils Elbow” and the swirling eddies through the rock formations. Above the Dells they would tie up to prepare
for the descent, and hire extra men to help bring the rafts through the
“Narrows,” and then gig back to ride some more pieces through. When the rafts were over the Kilbourn Dam,
they were coupled together in smooth water, three aside each other, and perhaps
ten raft-blocks long.
From
here to shipping points was usually routine, except for meeting riverboats with
barges. They could tie-up evenings and
even sleep on shore for a diversion of sorts.
Cities built docks for lumber rafts to tie up to, where crews were ready
to break up the rafts and haul the lumber on wagons to retail yards.
At
Saint Louis a large amount of lumber went into river steamers and up the
Missouri to the interior. The early
crews returned a part of the distance by riverboat and walked the rest of the
distance. Later they caught
stage-coaches from Portage to Plover.
After
“pay-day” they returned to their homesteads to pay the taxes and the bill at
the local store, and adding, “Well, this is my last trip on the river.” He would then enjoy family living for the
summer months grubbing land and swinging a scythe in the meadows.
But
in October when cash was getting low, he would think the only work available is
in the pine woods, so he would tell the wife that when the cash is gone, she
would have to start a new account at the store again. In the spring he’d say, “Just one more ride on the river, --
wages are higher and I can even ride back on a TRAIN!”
Wages
on the river were higher than in the woods or at saw mills. An ordinary Raftsman got $60.00 to $80.00
per month plus board, - and room! An
Oarsman $140.00 plus board; cooks $100.00, and pilots $300.00 if they had excellent
records.
Prices
at the local store in 1853 were not too bad, -- even on credit, and without
sales tax!!
Rice
was 9 cents a pound; pork 7 cents; two pounds of salt 5 cents; 1/2 pound of tea
5 cents; Box matches 2-1/2 cents; vinegar 4 cents; a pound of coffee 15 cents;
sugar 10 cents; A-B-C book 7 cents; gallon whiskey 50 cents; 1/2 pound tobacco
18 cents. Five drinks of whiskey for 15
cents. (He should have been able to hang
one on for about 50 cents!!!)
BEGINNING
OF INDIVIDUAL COUNTIES IN INDIAN LAND.
By
Thor Helgeson, 1914
Winnebago
County was organized in 1838 with the following townships: Oshkosh, Clayton, Menasha, Neenah, Vinland,
Winchester, Winneconne, Wolf River, Algona, Black Wolf, Nekimi, Nepenskum,
Omro, Poygan, Rushford, and Itica.
Of
villages there were: Oshkosh organized
in 1842, Menasha 1848, Neenah 1847, Winneconne 1849, Omro 1849, Medina
Junction, Larson, Winchester, Allenville, Waukan, Fisks, Picketts, and others.
The
first white settlers, which people know of was Augustine Grignon a half breed
and James Porlier. They were pelt
handlers at Butte-des-Morts 1818-1837, who were the first residents in the
Oshkosh area. On March 8, 1938 was the
first marriage performed by Rev. S. Peet.
It [joined] Jacob Jacobson and Miss Emeline Wright, both of which were
from the Oshkosh area. The first born
male child born in the County was George W. Stanley. He was born the 26th of August, 1838. The first female child was Elizabeth Ford, a daughter of Chester
Ford. The first religious meeting
conducted by Pastor Jesse Halstead at the Stanley residence in Oshkosh in
1841. The first Norwegian service was
conducted by Pastor Adolph Carl Preus in 1850 at Winchester. The first 4th of July celebration was
celebrated on Merritt Street in Oshkosh.
Nearly all the whites in the area were present, plus many Indians who
had a merry time. John P. Gallup
conducted matters and Joseph H. Osborne read independence quotations.
Miss
Emeline Cook taught the first district school in Oshkosh in 1840. The first post route was opened between Fort
Howard in Green Bay and Winnebago in 1838.
The postman had to make use of Indian methods in his delivery. On occasions he was obliged to deliver flour
or provisions to Oshkosh, which was nearly 50 miles.
The
first bridge in Winnebago County was laid over the Fox River at Oshkosh in
1847. The first saw mill was built by
Morris Firman in 1844. All materials
for said saw mill had to be hauled to the site by oxen. The first grist mill was at Algona. The first issue of “Oshkosh Democrat” came
out on February 9, 1949. The first
steamship which sailed on Lake Winnebago, Fox and Wolf Rivers was built in
1849. Its name was the “Manchester.” Others that followed were the Peytona,
Whitacre, Menasha, Jenny Lind, Oshkosh, Badger State, Mitchell, Knapp, Berlin,
and others. The first passenger train
(Chgo & NW) came to Oshkosh October 13, 1839. Soon after 3 Oshkosh men were
killed (C. R. Baldwin, Charles Petersilea, and John Lant) in a railroad
accident at Watertown.
The
first election in the town of Oshkosh was held April 5, 1942, - as
follows: Chairman, Chester Ford;
Supervisors, Chester Gallup and William Isbell; Clerk, John Gallup; Assessors,
Thomas Lee and Louis Porlier; Treasurer, Webster Stanley; Collector, Thomas
Evans; Constables, Henry Gallup and L. Porlier; Highway commissioners, Robert
Grignon, Ira Aiken, and Chipley Gallup.
Supt. of Schools, John Gallup and C. Dickinson. Fence Viewers, Chester Ford and Chester
Gallup. Sealer of Weights and Measures,
Jason Wilkins.
Assemblymen: Bakkelidstulen, Townsend, Hall, Cary,
Craftman, Blodgett, Miller, Reed, Rich, Cary, Welch, Allister, Hanson, Russell,
Davis, Knapp, Proctor, Foster, Morgan, Wall, Bouck, Chase, et al.
Dr.
Christian Lind from Denmark, married to a daughter of Clark Dickenson, 1843, is
in practice at Oshkosh, Mukwa, fond du Lac, and Green Bay. His brother Carl Lind drown in 1844. Another prominent man was sawyer, Capt.
Gabriel Bouck, who led the First Reg. in Winnebago County in 1861. It contained 89 enlisted men, 2 lieutenants,
5 sergeants, 8 corporals, 2 drummers, and a man to blow taps.
In
1830 the U.S. government made its first attempt to civilize the Indians, in
Wisconsin. They arranged to build an
“Indian town” at Winnebago Rapids (Neenah).
They hired William Dickinson and David Whitney from Green Bay, to build
a saw-mill, grist-mill, a blacksmith shop, and 30 small log houses, built ten
in each row. Then completed they, hired
5 farmers with a loan of $300.00 to each.
Also 5 teachers who should receive $60.00 per year plus board. Many
Menominee Indians moved into the log huts, but some preferred to live in
wigwams. Some lived beside their hut
while others took up the floor and set their tent on bare ground. But the Indians thought it was more fun to
go hunting than to “grub and break land.”
Also more amusing to fish than to learn to read and write. In 1844 Harrison Reed purchased lay-cut and
the settlement was discontinued. This
was the beginning of Neenah.
At
Lake Poygan laid the old Menominee Bay grounds where the Regiments Agent met
yearly with Indians from 1838 to 1851, to deal out meat, flour, tobacco,
blankets, and some money. A small
detachment of soldiers were provided to maintain order and keep away the
“hundred” white salesmen who were present to collect accounts and sell
merchandise. We quote Mitchell and
Osborn’s history of pay-day: -----
“Whites
and half-breed traders, who for the year past had been scattered over the
county, trapping with the Indians for furs, maple sugar, and cranberries would
sure manage to be on the ground at pay day.
Merchants from Appleton, Neenah, Oshkosh, Milwaukee, Prairie du Chien,
Chicago, and elsewhere, would each lay in a stock of Indian goods which about
the appointed time were shipped to the grounds. Gamblers in flocks like wild geese, were seen flying northward.”
Eating
houses were distributed over the ground in profusion. The only thing prohibited here was spiritual liquors,
consequently large quantities were offered for sale upon the outskirts of the
forbidden grounds, and sub rosa under the very droppings of the pay-house.
The
agent, having distributed the goods brought for the purpose, and everything in
readiness, he proceed to pay out the money, specie. As the interpreter calls the name of the head of the family from
the roll, the individual so called enters the pay-house, walks up to the
counter, reports the number of his family, and if this corresponds with the
number in the roll, he receives the amount for the entire family, and secreting
items far as possible under his blanket, he emerges from the buildings exit and
passes along between two files of soldiers who protect him for a considerable
distance from a mob of traders, who are greedily awaiting a chance to pounce upon
him. He no sooner passes the last
soldier than he is seized by several of the motley crowd, each claiming to have
an account against him. In an instant
he is stripped of everything that could hold a dime.....Whiskey dispensed, most
everyone has reaped a harvest as it comes to a close.
Town
Of Winchester
It
was organized November 11, 1851. In the
following spring election 47 votes were register for the following board: Chairman = Johannes Amundson Bakkelidstulen. Supervisors, Anders Jorgenson and George
Ohler. Town Clerk = Sherman R.
Hopkins. Treasurer = Ola
Halvorson. Assessor = Halvor Amundson
Bakkelidstulen. Justice of the Peace =
Sherman R. Hopkins, George Ohler, and Johannes Bakkelidstulen. Constable = William Hall, Perry Hopkins, and
Ola Hanson Dalen.
From
1847, the list of early settlers are as follows: (Foreign residence deleted.
“& x” means “and wife.”)
Jerome
Hopkins, Sherman Hopkins, Perry Hopkins, Samuel Rogers, oldster Samuel Rogers,
James H. Jones, Charley Jones, William Hall, and George Ohler. First Norwegians: Andres June, wife and son Halvor. Soren Wilson & w, Anders Thompson & w, John Rue & w,
Christian Johnson Alterud & w, Per J. Alterud & w, Johannes J. Alterud
& w, Knut Nilson Luraas & w, Ola Larson & w, Ola Christianson &
w, Per Rolstad & w, Holje Mattison & w, Halvor Olson Lia & w
parents of Pastor O. H. Lee.
Ola
Uvaas & w, Anders Jorgenson & w, Kitil Skogen & w, Mattis Havre
& w, Andres Lia & w, Ola Saubo (Sauby), Johans Saubo & w. Johannes Sauby & w Anlaug Mork got this
homestead. John Traae & w, Knut
Gjeilo & w. Hans Bjonaasen & w,
Holje Maeland & w, Ola Oemnes & w, John Bjondalen & w, Per Stromme
& w, parents of writer PER O. STROMME.
Svend
Thomason & w, Bent Peterson & w, John Westgar & w, Hans Westgar
& w, Legislator, Johannes Amundson Bakkelidstulen & w, Halvor A.
Bakklidstulen & w, Halvor A. Bakkelidstulen & w, Kitel Bakklidstulen
& w, Halvor Dalen & w, John Landsverk & w, Ola Bo & w, Ola Juv
& w, Halvor Juv & w, Johannes Dahlstrom & w, Soren Juv & w.
Per
Rasmussen & w, John Olson Dalen & w, who was a sister of Knut Gislesen,
bishop of Tromso. Ola Dalen & w,
Ola Hanson Dalen & w; Kitil Loftus & w, Ola Waugerud & w, Nil Biken
& w, Andres Bestafor & w, Holje Maurud & w, Hans Anderson Kaasa
& w, brother Anders married his widow.
Knut Borte & w, Hans Dalen & w, Andreas Mollar & w, Ola
Klokkerengen & w, Knut Hanson Bergan & w, Knut died in Andersonville
Prison & widow married Peder Lund a church singer, Gunnar Larson & w.
Torgrim
Torgrimson Romnaes & w, Gregor Olson & w, Halvor Kjendalen & w,
John Paterson & w, Jens Halvorson Jorstad & w, Lars Amundson Skei &
w.
The
first girl to be born in the Town of Winchester was a daughter of a Hopkins
family. The first one who died in the
township was Samuel Rogers on September 11, 1850 at age 92. The first sermon was preached by Pastor
Frederik Partridge in 1850. The first
resident pastor was ________ Pastor A. C. Preus who preached in Winchester in
1850. The congregation up until 1860
had several possibly “mission” pastors, namely A. C. Preus, G. A. Preus, R.
Brandt, O. F. Duus, and A. Mikkelson.
E. J. Homme was the first resident pastor. Later did outstanding church work at Wittenberg, Wisconsin.
In
early days the Norwegian Lutheran Synod had a “split” in the ranks which is
being deleted in this translation. It
involved technical aspects of their religion.
They finally joined together again in 1918.
Winchester
and Winneconne became “stop-over” stations for many Scandinavians who came to
the “Indian Land”. At that certain time
they came by boat to Manitowoc and Sheboygan, then stagecoach to Fond du Lac,
and then boat to Winneconne. Later
boats went to Gill’s Landing and people were met by friends and taken to
Waupaca, Scandinavia, and Amherst from there.
Waushara
County was organized in 1851 which included the following townships: - Aurora,
Bloomfield, Coloma, Dakota, Deerfield, Hancock, Leon, Marion Mount Morris,
Oasis, Plainfield, Poysippi, Richford, Rose, Saxville, Springwater, Warren, and
Wautoma.
The
first villages were: Berlin, Red
Granite, Plainfield, Saxville, Pine River, Wautoma, Wild Rose, Auroraville,
Mount Morris, et al. The first
settlement being in Wautoma where Schuman Bros. built a saw mill in 1848. Chady & Chamberlain built the first
grinding mill in Plainfield, in 1856.
Norwegians began the settlement in Mount Morris in 1850 to 1870. The early settlers there were as follows: --
Nils
Nilson Haatviet & w, Ole Anderson Lunde & w, Halvor Arveson Lunde, Per
Gunnerson Jeen & w, Gullik Arveson & w, Jacob Alfson & w, parents
of Pastor A. O. Alfson; Anders A. Peterud & w, Stener Olson & w, Gunnar
Haraldson & w, Kjostolf Svenningson & w, Torger Kjostolofson, wife
& sons Kjostalf, Eilev, Lars, and Nils.
Reier
Olson, wife and sons Ola, Gustav, and Lars, Lars Anderson Songe & w, Jens
Hundare & w, Johannes J. Thorstad & w, Ola Person Selseng & w,
Chris Johansen & w, Johans Erickson & w, Kristen Person & w, Ola
Bendiksen & w, Bendik Bendiksen & w, Anders Stedje & w, Peter G. Li
(Lea) & w, Anders Larson & 2nd wife Isabella. Erik Henningson & w, Jens Peterson & w, Iver J. Klurdal
& w, parents of Pastor G. Klurdal.
Amund Holt & w, & sons Ola, Knut, & Lars. Bernt Lerom m. twice, Hans Aflund & w,
Martin Anderson & w, the Lovdahl family, Jorgan Larson & w, Soren
Sotholt & w, Lasse Jensen & w, Anders Sjurson & w, John E. Johnson
& w, Lars Bjelde & w, Legislator Jens Ellerson & w.
Other
prominent settlers were Joseph Bird, Jacob S. Hugh, Emil Kemp, William LaSalle,
R. W. Millikin, Edwin Montgomery, Charles W. Moore, Edgar Sears, Byron Storm,
William E. Webb, Charles White, et al....
Several early settlers of Waushara County were members of the State
Legislature. In Pine River and north
into Waupaca County, was a large settlement of Danish people. Waushara County also had many early German
settlers.
The
Holden Norwegian Lutheran congregation was established in 1854 by Pastor O. F.
Duus. Waushara was also a part of the
so-called “Indian Land”.
The
first white man known to have entered Waupaca County was Alfons Hicks from
Oshkosh, unless a person should enumerate Charles Carron a Half-breed fur buyer
from Mukwa who covered the area from 1838 to 1848.
The
aforementioned Alfons Hicks came up the main Wolf river in a canoe in 1846 and
settled at Fremont, which was the first settlement in Waupaca County.
In
1848 Robert Grignon (a half-breed) and Kimpagne built a saw mill at Mundigen
(Royalton) on the Little Wolf River.
Elephet Gordon and son, “Dud Gordon” leased this saw mill, cut a lot of
lumber and floated it to Oshkosh and other places. Clear #1 Pine brought them $4.00 per thousand feet. The popular Wisconsin Politician, Philetus
Sawyer, began there as a hired man in the year of 1848-49.
Willington,
Tibbets, Ostrand and two others came up the Waupaca River and settled at
Weyauwega about 1849. Simon E. Dow,
Oberst W. Chandler, and J. M. Vaughn settled between Weyauwega and Waupaca
Falls. G. Caldwell and Jason Rice
camped in Walla-walla in Lind Center; Mr. Norman in New London; R. Gastman at
Springer Point; Mr. Wilcox at Mundingen on the Waupaca River; Charles Edwards
at “Little River”; and G. C. Sessions, J. Hibbard, W. B. Hibbard, Dana Dewey,
Capt. David Scott, J. S. Ware, W. B. Cooper, et al at Waupaca Falls.
The
Indian Land was purchased from the Menominee tribe in 1852. All “claims” to land therein were unlawful
according to a statement made by Indian Agent Mr. Bruce of Green Bay.
In
1848 Theodore Conkey made a Government Survey east of the Wolf River when
Outagamie County was organized. In
1852, Samuel Perry made a Government Survey west of the Wolf River when the
following townships were surveyed: --- Fremont, Weyauwega, Mukwa, Royalton,
Little Wolf, Union, Lebanon, and Bear Creek.
Larabee, Dupont, Helvetia, and Scandinavia were surveyed by A. B.
Walch. Iola, St. Lawrence, Farmington,
Waupaca, Lind, Dayton, and others were also surveyed about the same time.
Waupaca
County was organized by legislative act in January, 1851, and was approved the
17th of February of the same year.
The
little village of Mukwa became the first county seat (possibly temporarily)
following an election at the dwelling of H. Ralphs held April 1, 1851. At that time the entire county was one
township. The following residents were
elected: ----
Chairman = Captain David Scott
Supervisors = T. Caldwell & P.
Meiklejohn
Town Clerk = C. L. Gumaer
Treasurer = George W. Taggart
Justice of the Peace = Moses
Chandler, Albion Brandy,
J. C. Ware, & John Boyd.
No assessors or constables were
elected.
On
the 6th of May the Town Board held its first meeting. It was decided to pay a $5.00 bounty for each wolf shot in the
County.
On
October 7th somehow it was decided to have two voting places to be held on the
same day to decide the location of the county seat at (1) Weyauwega, or (2)
Waupaca Falls. At the home of advocate
W. C. Cooper in Waupaca Falls, and at the house of A. Tibbets in
Weyauwega. The following were elected:
---
Sheriff = John M. Vaughn
Reg. of Deeds = W. C. Cooper
County Treas = C. G. P. Hovart
County Surveyor = George W. Taggart
County Clerk = James Smiley
Coroner = John Boyd.
County Judge and Clerk of Court were
elected later. The newly elected
officers were then sworn in.
They
proceeded to give personal bonds for one another for a thousand dollars
each. As they had no cash money, no
chattels, & no improved property, the personal bonds were not worth the
paper it was written on.
So,
-- after they were all applauded, the newly elected county officers were
“ready-for-business”. A substantial
part of the County had now been laid out with some settlers in each
vicinity, they soon started the famous “County Seat War”. It developed into a long and bitter
controversy as to which location should hold the county seat, namely Waupaca,
Weyauwega, or Mukwa. Various issues
were raised whereby a controversy arose between Chamberlain and Smiley accusing
them of “neglect of duty”. They were
arrested and because the county had no jail, they were taken to the Portage
County Jail in Plover! The peace dove
finally released them on their own recognition.
Several
times they voted on the question, but it would come up again and again. One day ten husky men from Weyauwega
appeared to “take over” the county affairs, but soon found they were
outnumbered. After a few hefty drinks,
they were put on the road and told to return to the places they came from. It could not be said that the Waupaca settlers
did not give their “guests” a goodly send-off!
A
Swedish saw mill operator, Olaf G. Droiser took up the issue by suggesting a
neutral location in the central part of the county, but the “wilderness” did
not appeal to the settlers of Waupaca, Weyauwega, and Mukwa. Droiser secured another advocate, Caleb
Ogden, to promote Ogdensburg, where they erected a saw mill. This did not meet with public favor as each
of the three communities already had their followers out to promote their local
interests.
When
Droiser finally saw he could not win, he was somewhat undecided where to swing
his weight. He had a goodly following
amongst the Norwegians, so the people of Waupaca soon befriended him to move to
Waupaca. About this time he had a
falling out with his partner in Ogdensburg, which helped him to decide to move
to Waupaca.
To
gather support for Waupaca as the county seat, Droiser helped some settlers in
the Town of Harrison to get organized (Town 25N, Range 11 East). Ole O. Wrolstad had begun to build a saw
mill in Section #31 (later called Northland).
The report went in, plus its support for Waupaca, and the latter finally
won out in the conflict.
Town
of Lind was the first township to be organized in Waupaca County in 1852 and
got its name from the then popular “Jenny Lind” song. The name of the first settler can not be recalled, but it is
known he was the first man to plow some furrows in the County. Oberst John Chandler and Simon Dow arrived
in 1849.
Organized
in 1852 and first known as “Tomorrow River”.
The first settler was Henry Turtelott, a half-breed whose wife was a
Menominee Indian woman named Kemink. He
operated a small store and bought fur.
This was in 1848. Later that
year arrived Amos Dodge and M. Lewis.
The settlement was known as “Turtillots Camp”. When the little village was incorporated in 1856, the name of
both the township and village became “Weyauwega”. The chief’s body could not rest there in peace as it was a custom
in those days to send the skull to the Smithsonian Institute in Washington.
The
first newspaper, the Weyauwegan, was started in 1855 with William. E. Tomkins
as the editor. The little settlement at
Gills Landing, where there was so much traffic in the beginning, is now of
insignificant importance, the landing being low ground at the confluence of the
Tomorrow River, Weyauwega being located up the river a short distance.
It
was organized in 1852 and remembered largely for being in the County Seat
War. The half-breed buyer, Charles
Carron, lived there from 1838 to 1848.
The
first white settler built his cabin there in 1848. In 1850 came Lucius Taft, Ira Miller and others. The village of Northport was first called
Stevens Point, after early settler, Mr. Stevens who built a house there in
1851. Then the name was changed to New
Boston, and later to “Northport”. This
area on the Wolf River is a mile west of New London.
New
London lying partly in the Town of Mukwa and the east portion in Outagamie
County, was first named, “Mouth of Embarass” and built in the fifties. Incorporated in 1877. The first settler being William McMilland
and Ira Millard who came in 1852. The
first newspaper, New London Times, began by A. J. Lawson in 1857. At this location was an old Indian
settlement, the chief of which had many, many wives.
The
Town of Dayton, south of Farmington, was organized in 1852. The first settlers being L. Dayton, M.
Hitchcock, and Samuel Shaw.
Organized
in 1853. The first settler was James
McHugh, who came in 1849. John
Littlefield and others arrived in 1851.
TOWN
OF ROYALTON
Royalton
was organized in 1853, and the first settlers were, M. Hicks, Leuthold, and
Simon Hopkins, who came in 1851. Hicks
built the first hut. Royalton had the
first apple tree in the vicinity. It
had been planted by John Haywood in 1851.
White Lake is the largest lake in the township. On an island lived Indian “Weyauwega” who
raised Indian corn on said island.
Helgeson
includes Lanark in his book, but states that at a later date the five townships
bordering on the west, were included with Portage County.
BEAR
CREEK
The
Town of Bear Creek was organized in 1856.
The first settler was Welcome Hyde - 1855. Ludvik Shoepke & L. G. Phipips, and others came in 1856. Their log hut was only 16 by 20 feet, but at
one time sixteen slept on the floor.
The
little settlement of Symco is in this township on the Little Wolf River.
The
Town of Union was organized in 1856, and the first settler was Isaac Ames, who
came in 1855. A. W. Johnson, Ben Dean
and others came in 1856. Error
above. Symco is in this township.
The
Town of Fremont was organized in 1865.
The first settler was Alfonse Hicks, who came in 1847. In 1849 came D. Gordon, Harman Mumbru, Ira
Summer and others. Here was the first bridge
laid over the Wolf River. The village
was platted in 1850, but not organized until 1888.
The
first newspaper “Fremont Pioneer” was started in 1857 by John M. Dewey. “Springers Point” was just to the west, but
taken in with Fremont soon after.
The
Town of Dupont was organized in 1864.
The first settler was O. A. Quimby who came in 1857. Marion lies in this township whose first
name was Perris Mills.
The
Town of Larabee was organized in 1860, and the first settler was Norman C.
Clinton. Clinton-ville got its name
from this man when it was organized in 1877.
Its first newspaper was called “The Dual City Tribune”.
It
was organized in 1852 under the name “Centerville”. The first settler was William Goldberg, who came there in
1848. James Meiklejohn and Peter
Meiklejohn and others came in 1850.
Manawa is in this township.
It
was organized in 1860, the first settler being Roswell Matteson in 1855.
The
Township of Waupaca was organized in 1852.
“Waupaca” is an Indian name meaning “golden waters”. The first town meeting was held at the home
of Mr. Mackintosh and the following persons were elected: --
Chairman = S. F. Ware
Supervisors = J. V. Hibbard &
_____________________
Justice of the Peace = S. F. Ware,
Granville Jones,
W. B. Hibbard, & M. Chamberlain
Constable = A. M. Garde
The
village of Waupaca was first called “Vermonters Camp”, then “Waupaca Falls” and
then “Waupaca”. The old Norwegians
always called it “The Falls” or “County Seat”.
The village became incorporated under the name “Waupaca” in 1857. Its first officers were:
President = David Scott
Trustees = James Chesley, W. C.
Lord, G. T. Miller, W. Scott, & C. L. Bartlett
Village Clerk = Winfield Scott
Treasurer = G. B. Mooney
Street Commissioner = G. B. Mooney.
In
1875 the Village became a city, and its first officers were: ---
Mayor = Charles Wright
Aldermen = First Ward: G. L. Lord, Caleb S. Ogden
Second Ward:
J. W. Evans & W. Wheeler
Third Ward:
M. N. Baldwin & B. J. Brown
City Clerk = J. J. Wheeler
Treasurer = Edwin Sellect
Assessors = George Howlett & H.
H. Chandler
Chief of Police = Edgar Bangle
Police Justice = Samuel Bailey
Street Commissioner = Timball T.
Chandler
In
the month of June, 1849, Joseph Hibbard, W. B. Hibbard, G. C. Sessions, and
others from Plymouth in Sheboygan County, visited the area to look over new
locations in the “Indian Land”. After a
good deal of wandering, they came upon the Waupaca Falls. (They must have come across Lake Winnebago,
up the Wolf River, and then west on the Tomorrow River). There they slept the first night under the
stars, where the Court House now stands [on Main Street].
The
next day they chopped down trees on the north side of the falls and built a hut
with walls and roof of brush. This was
then called “Vermonters Camp”, later called “The Tomorrow River Country”.
A
couple of weeks after the “Vermonters” brought word about Waupaca Falls,
another expedition left from Plymouth.
It was Alonzo Vaughn, J. M. Vaughn, W. B. Cooper, John Taylor and
others. After considerable wandering,
they came upon the Vermonters Camp.
One
of the party rolled out some dough on an oak stump in thin layers, and baked it
on a fire of coals. The newly arrived
guests were very hungry, and proceeded to devour everything in a short
time. The cook was told that he could
get out in the world with his new profession.
He informed them that all provision had been eaten, and that the
“festival” would have to be delayed until provisions could be brought from the
Henry Turtelott Camp in Weyauwega.
Later
that year came S. J. Ware, Capt. David Scott, Dana Dewey and others. In 1850 came W. C. Lord, Methodist pastor,
Silas Miler, and the Swedish saw-mill operator, Olaf C. Droiser.
The
first boarding house was built by B. C. Cooper in 1849, and the first house by
J. M. Vaughn. It was built of Poplar
logs and a roof of bark, and chinked with moss and mud. A floor mat was used for a door. IN this house the Methodist pastor held the
first religious service in Waupaca County.
The first white child, Mary Hibbard was born in May, 1850. The first funeral in 1850 was for Joel
Deiter. The first wedding for Thomas
Billington and Emma Baxter was held in 1851.
The first school house was built in 1851 and its first teacher was Miss
Dora Thompson. The first church
(Methodist) was built in 1853. The
first Circuit Court was held in this building by Judge Cate in 1854. The first Court House was not erected until
1855. When the Methodist built a frame
church, the old building was used as a blacksmith shop.
The
first store was built by Wilson Holt in 1851.
The first saw mill was built by Pastor Silas Miller, and the first
timber cut September 10, 1850. The
first grist mill was built and operated by W. C. Lord and Wilson Holt in
1851. The first post office was operated
by Capt. David Scott in 1851. The first
post route from Green Bay to Plover via Mukwa was opened the same year with
Olaf E. Droiser as currier. The first
sawyer was W. G. Cooper, and the first doctor was missionary Dr. Rev. Cutting
March in 1851. The first newspaper
entitled “Waupaca Spirit” was printed in 1853.
Others
who came in the fifties were Judge Caleb C. Ogden from New York and wife
Katherine Hoag. He came first to Plover
in 1848 as a storekeeper and farmer. He
then built a saw mill and grist mill in Ogdensburg. When it burned he built a mill on the Little Wolf, started the
Waupaca Post and New London Times, and was County Judge for many years.
Dr.
Linius B. Brainard (1805-18_5) was a doctor, teacher, and mill supervisor. Dr. George H. Calkins from New York, and
wife Caroline Jenkins. Also a jurist
who became assemblyman in 1874. Dr.
George R. Taylor from England and wife Eliza Herron, who first become a
tin-smith and later a doctor in Waupaca.
Also doctors Theyer, Peasley, and Dimmok. Saw mill operator Edward L. Brown, Myron Reed, and G. Sessions,
all assemblymen. Business man Richard
Lee and C. N. Roberts, both from England.
Banker H. E. Mead.
Of
the Swedish were Olaf G. Droiser, O. E. Brown one time county treasurer, and A.
G. Nilson, who has been both mayor and assemblyman. Of the Danish were Episcople pastor, M. J. Sorenson who was
county clerk for 14 years, Ole R. Olson, one time register of deeds, and
business man Ole Larson and others.
Of
the Norwegians were Hakon Nordi from Finnmark (1819-1894) and wife Mary Jane
Hudson. He studied both in Christiania
and Copenhagen and mastered 5 languages.
He was called the “living encyclopedia”. Business man Andreas Nilsen Brennon from Gausdal, wife Elisa
Loberg (1843-1887), who was register of deeds 4 years. Second wife was Maria Anderson. Business man Anton Johnson, and Ola Lodsen
from Sogn. Also brand inspector Lars
Larson, Andreas Gassman, miller from Fossum, and Clerk of Circuit Court,
Ingbrit Ovrom from Skien.
Town
of Farmington was organized in 1853.
The first meeting was held at the home of John Fisher and the following
elected:
Chairman = Granville Jones
Supervisors = Merrik Barton & O.
C. Brown
Town Clerk = Francis Beardmore
Town Treasurer = O. C. Brown
The
first settlers were Granville Jones and Roswell Hicks who came in 1849. The early Swedish settlers were: O. C. Brown, and wife, Ottis Beck & w,
John Norden & w, Hans Olfson (1796-1870) & w Stina, Hans Olfson Jr. &
w Margaret Thompson, Johan Dalbrink, Johan Dalbri (1787-1864) & w Anna
(1796-1868). His son was born in 1822
& died in 1887, Anders C. Erickson (1830-1889) & w Kristina, Lars
Larson from Fjederlund from Helsingland (1809-1892) & w Anna Kristina
(1807-1885), Olaf Hedland (1840-1898) & w Martha (1838-1903), Peter
Thomason (1802-88) & w Karin (1807-1901), Peter Olfson (1834-88), Erick
Fisher, John Peterson, Olaf Peterson, Olaf Johanson with family, Gustav
Sodersten (died 1909) & w Berit Torgerson.
Danish
families were: John Fisher & w,
Jorgen Hansen a tailor (1827-72) & w Maria, she remarried Anders Erickson
from Forde, Jens Christenson & w Karen Marie (1813-88), Son Kristen Jensen
& w Marie, Christian Johnson & w Isabella Buckanan, Soren Jensen
Uhrenholdt & w Kristine Toren, Peder Sorenson and several others.
Norwegian
families were; from Seterdalen: Ola Knutson Norenae & w Kjersti, son
Knut Olson Ronera & w Gonne Krostu, Olaf Knutson Brendebakke & w, son
Knut Braendebakke & w, Thorbjorn Braalson & w Birgit, Lisle Knut
Salveson & w Berte, Olov Knutson & w Maria Norenaa, Amund Salveson
Torve & w Anne Norenaa, Thomas Gunneson Borgen (1827-82) & w Ingeborg
(1823-97).
Mari
Krostu (Krostoga) mother of Ola Sigurdson Krostu, Ola Sigurdson Krostu
(1809-1885) & w Gro (1808-96).
Sigurd Olson Krostue & w Thurid; Gunnar Olson Krostue (1844-1904)
& w Tone; Niri Krostue born 1909; Gunnar O. Krostue, a boy; Bug Severson;
Gullik Swenson and family; Torjus Torgerson & w Thora Svenson (1843-88);
Svend Torgerson & w and others.
From
Telemarken: Ola Sandviken & son
John and Kristian; Sigurd Gunnusson Grimsrud (1829-1911) & w Lisbet
Sandviken (1832-61); Sigurd G. was married to Anne Nykaas from Sande. Anders Nykaas & w; son Tom Anderson
Nykaas & w Helga Merde; young man Torfild Anderson; Torger Baa & w Bergit
Sandviken; Jorgen Billikson Jaerkaasen & w;
From
Holt & area: Hans Peter Johnson
(1818-96) & w Ingeborg (1816-75).
Son John J. Johnson & w Berit Kvie; Son Anders J. Johnson ((1844-99)
and w Jorgine Rosholt (1848-1928); Son Hans J. Johnson, theology candidate
& pastor; Ole Anderson Solberg & w Charlotte; Ole married again to
Oline Myklebust; Per Anderson & w Ingeborg Lia; Lars Olson & w Maren;
Son Ola Larson & w Anderson. Nils
Erikson Li & w.
Those
who came later were: Anders Erikson
& w; Ola Rasmussen & w Stina; Ole N. Rasmussen from Danmark (died 1909)
& w 1-Anne, 2-Gurine Dalen & 3-Mathea Thulien; Carl Olson Hval & w
Maria; Lars Olson Hval & w Berte from Hadeland; Christian Larson & w
Mathea Mortenson; Carl Peterson Hoijord (Hoyord) & w Ingeborg Sether; Isak
Isakson & w Mathea; and Simon Hanson Lindveit & w, and others.
Alvin
Sether, a three year old son of Isac & Karen Sether, drown in Johan
Peterson’s mill pond in town of Scandinavia.
W.
H. Sipperly was the first postmaster & storekeeper in Farmington. S. Leonard operated the first saw mill and
changed it into a grist mill in 1874.
WISCONSIN
VETERANS HOME lies partly in Farmington.
Indians called the Chain-O-Lakes, “She-she-pe-ko-naw” meaning, --
“Stretching-water”.
In
Sheridan - Kristian Johanson was the first businessman.
The
first district school was built in District #1. The first Norwegian school was conducted by the author Thor
Helgeson in 1865. The
Norsk-dansk-svensk Lutheran church was organized in the late sixties. They separated in the ‘70’s, -- the
Norwegian and the Swedish have their own, and the Danes joined churches in the
city of Waupaca.
Town
of Scandinavia was organized in 1854, the first meeting having been held at the
home of Hans Jacob Eliasson Oksom. The
following were elected: --
Chairman: Ola Olson Reine
Supervisors: Jacob T. Rosholt & I. G. Twetan
Town Clerk: Thomas Knoph (Storekeeper)
Treasurer: Kristopher Olsen Saeter
Mr.
Tvieten remarked as follows at the next meeting: “We contacted the Swedish professor Ole Droiser to help us organize
the township in a lawful manner because we did not understand the detailed
routine to follow. It was a question
what name should be chosen for the township.
Hans Eliason suggested “Oksom” his Norwegian farm name, as he was the
first settler. Another person suggest
his home area of Eidanger, but said that in Norge they did not always say
“Ei-danger”, but shortened it to “Danger”.
Droiser said, “Did you say, ”DANGER”?
“Yes” the man replied. Mr.
Droiser wrote the letter out D-a-n-g-e-r!!!
No -- that would certainly not be a good name to call it the “Town of
Danger”. He then gave the English
meaning. Eventually they decided that
the settlers from Norway, Denmark, and Sweden would certainly agree that
“SKANDINAVIA” should please all of them, and the name was adopted.
Knut
Nilsen Luraas was the first settler in the Town of Scandinavia. He came from Winnebago County (Winneconne or
Winchester) in 1850. Osten (Austin)
Olson Mollerflaten from Telemark (1804-61) & w Lisbet Sandviken (1811-82);
Lars Larson Hasler from Eidanger, who married Turi Johnson; Hans Jacob Eliasson
(1810-78) & w Anne Kirstine (1813-81).
Kristian Olson & w Oline Hasler of Eidanger,. Daughter Ina (Mrs. Magnus Bryneteson was the
first Norwegian child born in the township.
Oline
Hasler died soon after, and was the first death recorded in the vicinity.
Kristian Olson married 2nd time to Marta Kjendalen. Gunstein Toffefson Krostu, from Saetersdalen (1826-1907) & w
Sigrid Naeset (1830-91). Their son Taddiev Krostu, born 1850, was the first
Norwegian male child born in the area.
Tolleiv brother, Gunstein is a pastor at Koshkenong, and Tolleiv’s son
Oskar is also a pastor. From 1851 and
on, many Scandinavians came and settled in the Town of Scandinavia.
Jacob
Tollefson Rosholt from Steinsholt in Lardal (1818-1898) & w Johanne
Kristiana (1820-1901). Johanne was of
English parentage but she was born in the north part of Lardal. A Realf Wright left England as a boy on the
“Gildenlove” and married Hanna Morgensdatter.
Their son Lars Realfson Wright, and again his son, Andreas Kristian
Larson Wright, born in 1723 married Johanne Pedersdatter Linsett, 1725. Their son Lars Andereasson Wright married
Johanne Kielman. Their daughter,
Kristiana Larsdatter Wright married Jacob Gunderson Smed and their daughter,
Johanne Kristiana, (1830-1901), married Jacob Tollefson Rosholt. Their children were: --Tollef J. Rosholt
(1843-1910); Jorgine (1845-1938) married Anders Johnson, and lived in Sec. 11
of Farmington; John Gilbert, born in Pine Lake in 1850, took over homestead in
Sec. 4 of Scandinavia, ran saw mill at Graham Lake until 1884, then to Alban in
1884, got railroad into village in 1903; James, Julius & Joakim. James farmed in western Minnesota, Julius lived in Minneapolis,
and Joakim located in Stanley, Wisconsin and later in Eau Claire.
Jacob
Jensen Listul from Gjerpin & w Berte.
Their daughter Ingeborg was first married to Gjeruld Jorgenson. Her second husband was Svenning Ellefson
from Holt.
Jacob
Lystul came up with Jacob Toffefson Rosholt from Pine Lake (Oconomowoc) in 1851
to look at the “Indian Land”.
Andreas
Waller from Gjerpen & w Jorand Listul, daughter of Torfel J. Listul. Their son Albert Waller died quite
young. Torkel Johnson Listul from
Gjerpen (1795-1878) & w Turine (1797-1877), -- son John L. & w Ingeborg
Jacobson Tudal, and their son Ola T. Listul & w Johanne.
Ingebrit
Erickson Tveitan (1819-96) from Slemdal & w Ingeborg (1830-87), a daughter
of Ola Anderson Colverud. Their son
Peter Erickson & w Agnete Hanson from Gaustal have acquired their
homestead. Ingebrit’s father died on
the Atlantic, and his son Johan C. died quite young.
Ola
Rollefson (1821-96), from Nesherrid, & w Margit (1812-92). Son Halvor R. & w Gina Kjendalen
acquired the homestead. A son, Rollef,
died quite young.
John
Torkelson Bestul, (father of Rasmus J. Bestul, Torkel J. Listul, and John J.
Swenholt), fell aboard ship, lived several months and died at the home of Amund
A. Brekke. He was on e of the first
adults to be buried in the Scandinavia Cemetery.
Rasmus
Johnson Bestul from Gjerpen (1799-1883) & w Dorthe Hogstad from
Slemdal. Son John Rasmussen Bestul
& w Sigrid from Gausdal. Son Nils
R. Bestul & w Gurine Brekke from Sandaver.
Son Jacob Bestul & w Inger Marie Lysekjon from Slemdal. Son Ole R. Bestul & w Maren Kvie
from Vang, Walders. Jonas, son of John
R. Bestul is a pastor in the west, and Jacob Bestul’s son Redvin Bestul
is the banker in Scandinavia. Jacob
& Ole Bestul acquired Rasmus Bestul’s homestead.
Anund
Amundson Brekke from Sandsver (1822-1908) & w Ingeborg Rasmusdatter Bestul
(1827-1901). Their two oldest sons,
Andrew and Rasmus moved to Alban, and their third son Lewis Brekke has acquired
the old homestead, with sisters Maren and Ida.
Peder
Olson Hoijord & w Anne. Son Ola P.
Hoijord & w Anne Karine Voldengen from West Toten, also Mathias & w
Bolette Voldengen, acquired the homestead.
Ola Hoijord died suddenly on May 8, 1914.
Gardner
Torger Hanson from Naes, born 1785 & died suddenly December 21, 1859. Gardner for Jacob Aal, became involved in
the Swedish War. While being sent to
Kobenhavn, the boat was captured and taken to Goteborg, Sweden, and taken to a
prison. There he became gardner for an
army officer. After many months he was
released on a pass as a courier and got back to Norge. He came to Amerika with his son J. J. T.
listed below.
Son
Jens Jacob Torgerson(1810-1911), and 2nd w Anne Anderson (1822-87), Jens
Jacob celebrated his 100-year birthday on December 13, 1910. Son Rev. Torger Andreas, became Pres. of
Norwegian Synod’s Iowa District. His
son August inherited the same position.
His son Fritjof Torgerson (190__ lives near the old country home at
Northwood, Iowa. Other children
were: Andreas, Bolette, Anne,
grandmother of translator, Lester Peterson, Mathilde, mother of Norman,
Jacob, Jens, Carl, Milton, & Laura; Lovise; Thomas, Strom, Adolph, and Duus
who took over the homestead in Section 3.
Harald
Evenson Gulset from Skien (died in 1907) & w Karen Helgeson (died
1910). Their son Edwin was a graduate
of Luther College and the University of Wisconsin. Their son Gustave Adolph (1858-85), was a student at Luther
College.
Herman
Hermanson (Lilleholdt) from Holt (1819-92) & w Gunhild Anderson
(1816-89). (Gunhild was a sister-in-law
of J. J. Torgerson). Son Herman
Andreas (1852-98) & w Clara Hoijord, lived on homestead for a while. Now it is owned by Peder Bestul.
Ole
Kristenson Gurholt from Slendal (1823-1905) & w Gunhild R. Bedstul. One of their sons now has their
homestead. Per Kr. Gurholt (1822-1911)
& w Berte. Their daughter who is
married to Thomas Kvie, now owns the farm.
Jacob
Krist Gurholt & w Guri Riste, - mother Marta Gurholt (1793-1858). Young man Oluf Pederson residing at Hellom
Lake north of cemetery. Joakin
Fleischer. Andreas Vaage & w Daniel
Tollefson from Oslo & wife.
Hartvik
Pederson from Kragero (1786-1897) & w Anne (1801-73). Son Johan Hartvik (1826-1913) & w Randi
Hageman (1827-83), acquired this homestead which is now owned by John Harviks
son, Halbert H. & w Stina Mortenson from Ringebu. Thor Hartvik died in the “Citizen’s War”.
Kristian
Pederson Hagehaugen from Gausdal & w Oline. Kris was married again to Torine Ronningen. He was better known as Kristian
Nygaard. Sons Ole & Peter &
daughter Lovise inherited each a farm.
Jacob
Pederson Kjendalen from Eidanger (1790-1869) & w Kari. They had three sons, Soren, married to Anne
Juv (1835-84); Anders (1827-75) & w Anne Olstad; & Ola & w Lena --
they had three daughters.
Hans
Anderson Tveitan from Lundeherred (1825-1900) & w Ragnhild Kjendalen. Son Henry & w Ida acquired their
homestead.
Jens
Thorsen Hellom from Modom (1809-72) & w Karen Hagemoen. After several owners came Doctor Michael
Ravn of Merrill, Wis., regarded as an out-standing doctor of his day. (A quarter mile north of Cemetery).
Single
men Mathias & John Jesse from Gausdal.
Young man, Ola Rustad from Gausdal, better known as “Ole Bull”. Single man, Levor Letmolien, Thorstein
Thorsteinsom from Hellingdal, C. Jensen, better known as “Fisher Jensen”, who
had a small shop where he sold fish and herring.
Jacob
Larson Hasler from Eidanger, who had several nick-names, & w Birgit
(1818-05/25/1880). Son Martin, and son
Olaves acquired the homestead. Hans
Anderson Valstad (or Balstad) from Gjerpen sold his farm and moved to Antigo
and died there. Their children
are: Anna, Ida, Andrew, Otto, Laura,
Emma, and Amanda.
Lars
Erickson Tveitan (1827-1908) & w Maren Gurholt, both from Slemdal. Sons Kristian & Edward own this
homestead.
Jacob Jacobson Nygaard from Haugesund (1793-1853) & w Anne Katrine (died in 1884). Her grandfather was from Holland. Their son Stephen Jakobson Nygaard & w Thora Knutso